Answer
Wa `alaykum As-Salamu waRahmatullahi wa Barakatuh.
In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
All praise and thanks are due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger.
In this fatwa:
1- Fidyah is expiation or compensation for infractions committed during the state of ihram.
2- Hady is intended only as a sacrifice to be offered in the Haram to feed the poor.
Answering your question, Sheikh Ahmad Kutty, a senior lecturer and an Islamic scholar at the Islamic Institute of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, states:
Generally speaking, fidyah is expiation or compensation for infractions committed during the state of ihram:
Allah says:
{And perform the pilgrimage and the pious visit [to Mecca ] in honor of Allah; and if you are held back, give instead whatever offering you can easily afford. And do not shave your heads until the offering has been sacrificed; but he from among you who is ill or suffers from an ailment of the head shall redeem himself by fasting, or alms, or [any other] act of worship.} (Al-Baqarah 2:196)
As Imam Malik says, fidyah (sacrifice) can be done in Makkah or anywhere else including his home town.
As for Hady, it is intended only as a sacrifice to be offered in the Haram to feed the poor.
The Hady applies to the following conditions or circumstances:
1- If someone is prevented from continuing with the pilgrimage after having assumed the ihram as mentioned in the verse cited above.
2- If someone is performing hajj tamattu and therefore has released himself or herself from ihram after the Umrah before Hajj,
3- Hady in the case of hunting games while in a state of ihram.
Having said this, however, let me also state that the term hady can be used as more general and fidyah to be rather more particular.
Almighty Allah knows best.
Editor’s note: This fatwa is from Ask the Scholar’s archive and was originally published at an earlier date.